Semaglutide

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist

An FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management with robust cardiovascular benefits.

100% 50% · t½ Time → Serum level
Molecular Weight
4113.58 Da
Half-Life
~7 days
Typical Dose
0.25–2.4 mg weekly
Cycle Length
Ongoing

Description

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that was developed by Novo Nordisk and approved by the FDA for type 2 diabetes management (Ozempic, 2017) and chronic weight management (Wegovy, 2021). It is a 94% sequence homolog of native GLP-1 with two key modifications: a C18 fatty diacid chain attached to lysine at position 26 (enabling albumin binding and extending half-life to approximately 7 days), and an Aib substitution at position 8 (protecting against DPP-4 degradation). The STEP 1 trial demonstrated a mean weight loss of 14.9% over 68 weeks, and the SELECT cardiovascular outcomes trial showed a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in non-diabetic obese patients, establishing semaglutide as a landmark agent in both metabolic and cardiovascular medicine.

Key Characteristics

Molecular FormulaC187H291N45O59
Molecular Weight4113.58 Da
Half-Life~7 days
Administration RoutesSubcutaneous injection (weekly), Oral tablet (Rybelsus, daily)
Typical Dose0.25–2.4 mg weekly
FrequencyOnce weekly

Investigated Benefits

  • Average 14.9% body weight reduction (STEP 1 trial)
  • Significant HbA1c reduction
  • 20% reduction in cardiovascular events
  • Reduced appetite and food cravings
  • Improved insulin sensitivity

* Benefits based on preclinical/animal research unless otherwise noted.